Contents:

Part1 Molecular Componentsof Cells
1 The Facts of Life: Chemistry is the Logic of Biological Phenomena 1
2 Water: The Medium of Life 28
3 Thermodynamics of Biological System 48
4 Amino Acids 70
5 Proteins: Their Primary Structure and Biological Functions 93
6 Proteins: Secondary, Tertiary, and Quaternary Structure 134
7 Carbohydrates and Glycoconjugates of Cell Surfaces 181
8 Lipids 219
9 Membranes and Membrane Transport 242
10 Nucleotides and Nucleic Acids 291
11 Structure of Nucleic Acids 316
12 Recombinant DNA: Cloning and Creation of Chimeric Genes 354

Part2 Protein Dynamics
13 Enzymes-Kinetics and Specificity 382
14 Mechanisms of Enzyme Action 419
15 Enzyme Regulation 452
16 Molecular Motors 481

Part3 Metabolism and Its Regulation
17 Metabolism: An Overview 511
18 Glycolysis 535
19 The Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle 563
20 Electron Transport and Oxidative Phosphorylation 592
21 Photosynthesis 630
22 Gluconeogenesis, Glycogen Metabolism, and the Pentose Phosphate Pathway 662
23 Fatty Acid Catabolism 697
24 Lipid Biosynthesis 722
25 Nitrogen Acquisition and Amino Acid Metabolism 768
26 Synthesis and Degradation of Nucleotides 813
27 Metabolic Integration and Organ Specialization 839

Part4 Information Transfer
28 DNA Metabolism: Replication, Recombination, and Repair 862
29 Transcription and the Regulation of Gene Expression 906
30 Protein Synthesis 952
31 Completing the Protein Life Cycle: Folding, Processing, and Degradation 987
32 The Reception and Transmission of Extracellular Information 1008