Contents:

01. Introduction to Biology Concepts and Research 1

02. Life, Chemistry, and Water 21

03. Biological Molecules: The Carbon Compound of Life 41

04. Energy, Enzymes,and Biologucal Reactions 71

05. The Cell: An Overview 91

06. Membranes and Transport 119

07. Cell Communication 139

08. Harvesting Chemical Energy: Cellular Respiration 157

09. Photosynthesis 177

10. Cell Division and Mitosis 201

11. Meiosis: The Cellular Basis of Sexual Reproduction 221

12. Mendel, Genes, and Inheritance 235

13. Gene, Chromosomes, and Human Genetics 255

14. DNA Structure, Replication, and Organization 277

15. From DNA to Protein 301

16. Control of Gene Expression 329

17. Bacterial and Viral Genetics 351

18. DNA Technologies and Genomics 371

19. Development of Evolutionary Thought 401

20. Microevolution: Genetic Changes within Populations 419

21. Speciation 443

22. Paleobiology and Macroevolution 463

23. Systematic Biology: Phylogeny and Classification 491

24. The Origin of Life 511

25. Prokaryotes and Viruses 525

26. Protists 549

27. Plants 575

28. Fungi 605

29. Animal Phylogeny, Acoelomates, and Protostomes 627

30. Deuterostomes: Vertebrates and Their Closest Relatives 667

31. The Plant Body 711

32. Transport in Plants 737

33. Plant Nutrition 757

34. Reproduction and Development in Flowering Plants 775

35. Control of Plant Growth and Development 801

36. Introduction to Animal Organization and Physiology 831

37. Information Flow and the Neuron 847

38. Nervous Systems 867

39. Sensory Systems 885

40. The Endocrine System 909

41. Muscles, Bones, and Body Movement 933

42. The Circulatory System 949

43. Defenses Against Disease 971

44. Gas Excharge: The Respiratory System 997

45. Animal Nutrition 1015

46. Regulating the Internal Environment 1039

47. Animal Reproduction 1069

48. Animal Development 1093

49. Population Ecology 1125

50. Population Interactions and Community Ecology 1151

51. Ecosystems 1181

52. The Biosphere 1203

53. Biodiversity and Conservation Biology 1229

54. The Physiology and Genetics of Animal Behavior 1253

55. The Ecology and Evolution of Animal Behavior 1269