Contents:

1.Introduction: Evolution and the Foundations of Biology 1

UNIT 1 Chemistry and Cells
2.The Chemical Context of Life 19
3.Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life 40
4.A tour of the Cell 66
5.Membrane Transport and Cell Signaling 94
6.An Introduction to Metabolism 116
7.Cellular Respiration and Fermentation 135
8.Photosynthesis 155
9.The Cell Cycle 174

UNIT 2 Genetics
10.Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles 192
11.Mendel and the Gene Idea 206
12.The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance 228
13.The Molecular Basis of Inheritance 245
14.Gene Expression: From Gene to Protein 268
15.Regulation of Gene Expression 293
16.Development, Stem Cells, and Cancer 311
17.Viruses 330
18.Genomes and Their Evolution 343

UNIT 3 Evolution
19.Descent with Modification 365
20.Phylogency 381
21.The Evolution of Populations 399
22.The Origin of Species 418
23.Broad Patterns of Evolution 436

UNIT 4 The Evolutionary History of Life
24.Early Life and Diversification of Prokaryotes 458
25.The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes 481
26.The Colonization Load by Plants and Fungi 504
27.The Rise of Animal Diversity 528

UNIT 5 Plant Form and Function
28.Plant Structure and Growth 553
29.Resource Acquisition, Nutrition , and Transport in Vascular Plants 571
30.Reproduction and Domestication of Flowering Plants 597
31.Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals 617

UNIT 6 Animal Form and Function
32.Homeostasis and Endocrine Signaling 641
33.Animal Nutrition 665
34.Circulation and Gas Exchange 684
35.The Immune System 711
36.Reproduction and Development 729
37.Neurons, Synapses, and Signaling 751
38.Nervous and Sensory Systems 768
39.Motor Mechanisms and Behavior 792

UNIT 7 Ecology
40.Population Ecology and the Distribution of Organisms 818
41.Species Interactions 845
42.Ecosystems Energy 864
43.Global Ecology and Conservation Biology 882